Organic Molecules
Organic molecules are molecules that contain carbon atoms (methane CH4), while inorganic
The carbon atom has four external electrons and is therefore able to form four covalent bonds.
It can also share one, two or three electrons with another carbon atom, forming single, double or triple bonds, so as to form long chains of carbon atoms (carbon skeletons).
Some groups of atoms show specific and constant chemical properties and are defined as functional groups. The functional groups provide the molecules that contain them with specific chemical and physical characteristics.
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The functional groups are all polar and consequently the molecules that contain them are hydrophilic and soluble in water.
Organic compounds are often made up of several units called monomers that connect together to form long chains: the Polymers.
Living beings are made up of extremely large molecules, called biological molecules or biomolecules consisting of: Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus. In biological molecules these atoms are linked together by very stable covalent bonds. Biomolecules are classified into four categories: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins and nucleic acids.
GLUCIDES, PROTEINS AND LIPIDS (Click here >>)
Carbohydrates:
Carbohydrates also called carbohydrates or sugars are oragnic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. In the chemical formula of a carbohydrate, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen are in a 1: 2: 1 ratio. Carbohydrates are used to form the seam of many parts of the body and represent an important energy reserve. They are divided into monosaccharides, disaccharides (simple sugars) and polysaccharides.
Monosaccharides (single sugar) consist of a monomer represented by a molecule with five or six carbon atoms. Glucose, fructose and galactose are the most common monosaccharides.
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